The thyroid gland sits in the lower front of the neck. It can enlarge as a whole (goitre) or develop lumps (nodules). Most nodules are benign; tests help identify the few that need surgery, and those causing pressure symptoms or overactivity.
Head & Neck Condition
Thyroid Swelling (Goitre & Nodules)
A swelling in the front of the neck that moves on swallowing — most are benign, but evaluation is essential.
Overview
Common symptoms
- Visible swelling in the front of the neck
- Swelling moves on swallowing
- Pressure, difficulty swallowing or breathing (large goitre)
- Change in voice
- Symptoms of over- or under-active thyroid
Common causes
- Iodine deficiency
- Thyroid nodules or cysts
- Autoimmune thyroid disease
- Thyroid cancer (less common)
How it is diagnosed
Thyroid function tests
Ultrasound of the neck
FNAC (fine-needle test) of nodules
Voice box examination before surgery
Treatment
Many small benign nodules only need monitoring. Surgery (hemi or total thyroidectomy) is advised for suspicious or cancerous nodules, large goitres causing pressure, or overactive thyroid not controlled by medicines.
Surgical treatment options
See a doctor promptly if you have:
- A rapidly growing neck swelling
- Change in voice or difficulty swallowing/breathing
- A hard, fixed lump
Frequently asked questions
No. Most are benign and are simply monitored.
Yes — with a daily thyroid hormone tablet, life is completely normal.
This page is for general patient information and does not replace a medical consultation. The right treatment depends on your examination and test results.
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